First, with regard to the reference, it needs to be made clear that it is in no way sufficient to find a few articles after writing to reproduce the adhesive title.
I’ll start with two historical gossips about the literature.
In about 1637, the French scholar Fermat, while reading a mathematical book, made a guess, which was recorded in the book. He said, “I am sure that a wonderful testimony has been found, but the pages are too small to write. I’m sorry.
The idea tortured scientists for over 300 years until the British mathematician Andrew John Wiles and his student Richard Taylor published their certificate in 1995, when the “Fema Guess” became the “Fema Theorem.”
Imagine that, while the pages of the book at that time were not enough to allow Ferma to write complete proofs, it should be enough to leave a few references as a clue to future generations, which would not have made it so long for “Fema Guess” scientists to torment future generations.
Another interesting story happened to our famous scientist, Long Master Chan. In his 2002 article, “The problem of the non-linear calculation of the maturation of the Ningbo River Bridge ” , he referred to the fact that “it is not necessary to refer to any of the literature (e.g. the figure)” and was so proud of the academic community.
In an article published in 2002 by the Dean of Chan Wei, “The problem of the non-linear calculation of the scratching of the bridge in Ningboang River”, he mentioned that “there is no need to refer to any literature here”.
Both of these cases are well-meaning jokes made by top scientists and cannot be imitated by a wide range of students; for example, in the case of genuine academic writing, both are typical errors.
The growth of scientific knowledge should be gradual. Scientific advances were built on past knowledge. One of the most important underpinnings of what science calls science is the generation-to-generation public collection of knowledge, which is the mechanism by which science can be preserved and inherited in the academic world. Almost all scientific advances build on past knowledge, and it is therefore particularly important that new research be properly compared with past related research.
The main mechanism for matching is the reference or reference. In a new scientific paper, references were placed, creating points of contact for the public collection of new papers and previous scientific literature and facilitating the integration of new works into the knowledge network of the entire scientific system. Beyond this, suspicion is part of science, and therefore references are used to help readers validate the quality and assess the validity of the conclusions of this new paper.
However, most classmates do not value the role of the literature. In order to find a good number of references, it is also common to cut up and even to refer to some literature that is different from others. In this paper, therefore, I will provide you with a detailed description of the relevant knowledge and techniques of the literature.
Why use references?
The reference is by definition a reasonable reference to information or data sources. Among them are journal articles (Journal articles), conference articles, textbook books (Books), newspapers (Newspaper), non-print sources (e.g. video materials), websites or other online resources, computer materials (e.g. published data, publicly available data sets or CD-ROMs), patent resources, degree papers, etc.
The main purposes of the reference are:
(1) Provide the scientific paper with sufficient background to allow the reader/editor to make a critical analysis of the paper, thus allowing the reader/editor to judge itself whether the conclusions of the paper are reasonable;
More recently, Harvard University has reported research on the origin of the new coronary outbreak, concluding that, as early as last August, New coronary pneumonia may have spread in Wuhan, China. Harvard’s got a big story! Are we going to carry this pot again? “As soon as it’s over, there’ll be a lot of international noise.”
But is that really true? Let’s look at the reference to this paper: its research criteria are based on the 100-degree netizen search data on the “diarrhea” lines, traffic and parking at Wuhan Hospital, etc. — it is clear that the reference did not provide a sufficient scientific background for the paper, so from a synthesis of this information, do you think his conclusions would be useful?
(2) Providing background information and related materials to the reader so that he can understand the current work and create an autonomous network of disciplines based on the current work and reference literature;
Let’s say we read a three-part book: “Analysis of the relevance of Shaw’s performance to rainfall.”
Why read it? Since I intend to analyse the link between Shaw and rain, I intend to start with the following indicators to study relevance: The time, place, audience, duration, etc.
Why would I use these indicators? Where did these indicators come from? What is the theoretical basis?
The reason for this is that I found in Zhang San’s book that he believed that factors such as the length of Shaw’s concerts were associated with rainfall, the more likely it would be and the greater it would be. Why did Chang design the experiment? That was because he cited a more authoritative article in his reference book, by the author Lee Siu, which drew on Li Si’s theory. And whose theory did Li use? This one layer traces the final source of the theory, and the process creates a network of disciplines.
(3) Sufficient and reasonable quotations can give the author credibility in the reader, which means that the author has a solid academic background in the field and also tells the reader what particular school of thought or academic system the paper belongs to;
Max and Engles co-founded the Marxist doctrine, and my think-tank teacher contributed to this theory in a unique academic article, and when I wrote such a paper, it was clear that the reference to Capitalism would be more credible.
(4) References to other relevant ideas, data or conclusions in the reader ‘ s field for comparison and comparison of work;
(5) The reference literature may also be used as a statement of academic ethics, such as that the present paper is a reasonable continuation of the work of other scholars in the reference area; or that it recognizes and commends the source on which the work is based, that is, the recognition of the correctness of the ideas or data of others.
In conclusion, the important role of the reference literature is, on the one hand, to give readers and editors confidence as “evidence”. While we will be very careful in writing academic papers to justify new ideas or new data referred to in this paper, this is not enough, at which point a full list of references will help readers and editors to make critical analyses so that they can define the legitimacy of the conclusions of the paper.
On the other hand, the larger role of the reference literature is to meet the needs of the reader. What best meets the needs of readers? It is of course helping readers to get the greatest benefit from reading their papers!
Imagine your dissertation being read by a master’s or a doctorate. They’re certainly smart, but they’re not familiar with the field. Think they have enough background to understand your work after reading all your references? Does the list of references that you have provided contain unnecessary or redundant references that waste readers’ time?
This is a simple test that is sufficient to determine the value of most of the references, and therefore it also leads to the choice of a reference, i.e., whether the addition of this reference is of value to the reader?
How to select references?
As noted above, the selection of references should take full account of whether the addition of such references would be of value to the reader, but there are still methods and errors that should be avoided in the selection of subject references.
(1) Bibliography selection is the first rather than the last step in the preparation of the paper
A new research project began almost always with a literature search. Therefore, before starting the study, you should have a good understanding of the key papers in this field. Before you start drafting your dissertation, you should review your literature search results. The list of references to you should be inserted and updated as and when you are writing.
A common error is to put reference writing at the end of the dissertation process. Only final reference searches for essay writing usually produce false references and rarely provide valuable references to readers.
(2) Validation! Validation! References need to be validated!
One of the most common problems faced by the reference literature is that they are often incomplete or inaccurate and therefore require validation and proofreading. Note that it is the work of the author to verify the accuracy of the reference, and that the editors, layouters and reviewers of periodicals are not responsible for the accuracy of the reference! And a full-format and accurate bibliography is an indication to the editor and the reviewer of your attitude that you give enough attention to this article and to these important details.
References need to be verified where there are points or spelling errors, article title errors, author ‘ s name and initials errors, and reference styles (which do not meet journal reference criteria).
It is clear that the main reason for this error is the negligence of the author. But in addition to this, there is a category of problems that may arise: for the convenience of some authors, the bibliography of other articles in the same field is reproduced directly.
It is noted that the addition of these papers as reference material without reading them may lead to an erroneous dissemination, which is not the result of the intent of the author, but rather of the intention, which is often more serious. Therefore, it is important to bear in mind the references: only those you have read.
How to read the literature?
There is an inherent pattern in the scientific literature, and the vast majority of the papers published today in scientific journals follow a rather simple structure, most of them in the AIMRAD format:
(1) Abstract: Summary section, highly refined articles;
(2) Introduction;
(3) Method (experiment, theory, design, model, etc.): Methodological component, which introduces experimental design, theoretical models, etc.;
(4) Results and Discussion: experimental results and discussion/ error analysis component;
(5) Conclusions: Concluding section.
This format is so widespread that it is often surprising to see a scientific paper clearly deviate from it, although it has many variations. Following the AIMRAD structure has two main advantages:
1) It makes it easier for authors to organize articles
2) It makes it easier for readers to find the information they want.
Thus, the methodology of literature is directed at parts of the AIMRAD structure.
The extraction of useful information from the literature often begins with a summary. After reading the summary, readers are advised to read the introductory part of the article until the end of the text reading part of the article. Readers should then start browsing through the main diagrams of the articles and try to browse through the main charts of the articles of 1-2, which generally refer to the rationale and final results.
The reader should then be able to judge whether this article is useful to me. If the article helps me, then it should go back to the source and read the technical details of the idea of the article.
If you want to make the reading literature more effective, you need to know very well what type of information you want and focus on it.
If your goal is simply to get the key points of the article, then you can follow the order of reading the summary, then browsing the key charts and finally reading the conclusions; if you want to study the paper in more depth and be a thinker, then you can read the whole article, then you can read some technical details, and then you can read some technical literature that you think are relevant from the reference list; if you want to study the paper in more depth, and you want to integrate its ideas into the direction of your research, then you should consider what happens in your model, and what you can learn from using the same methods as them.
Sometimes it is important to look at why authors decide to experiment in some way. It’ll tell readers why they did it.
In this article, we mainly describe how scientific writing uses reference knowledge, covering the hotspots of why literature is used, how literature is selected and how literature is read.
References:
[1] https://www.sciencemag.org/careers/2016/03/how-security-read-science-paper
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Record number: YXA1nYA3Kevi1nENeABTzbzy
I don’t know.
Keep your eyes on the road.
