After
Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan in defeat, would he regret not having implemented the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party? It’s hard to say whether he regretted it
or not, but after he retreated to Taiwan in defeat, he suddenly began to carry out land reform. It was only after he
retreated to Taiwan that he realized that in a country where the productive forces were extremely backward, the peasants accounted for the absolute majority of the population, and land annexation was serious, land was the only means of production for the peasants. Without land, the peasants would have no way out, and without a way out, the peasants would rebel. In
1945, the war of resistance ended.
With the defeat of the Japanese, an era has come to an end, and a new historical juncture has emerged in front of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party: Where should the two parties go? When
the Soviet Union had just sent troops and Japan had not yet surrendered, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party had begun a large-scale counter-offensive, forcing or accepting the surrender of the Japanese and puppet troops, collecting weapons, taking over political power and occupying enemy-occupied areas.
Previously, it was mentioned that the Communist Party had issued a series of counter-offensive orders to order the Japanese and puppet troops to surrender to themselves just after the Soviet Union had sent troops. The reason why
the Communist Party is so anxious is probably that it wants to take advantage of the power vacuum created by the Soviet Union’s dispatch of troops and the imminent surrender of the Japanese army to expand its forces and control its territory in the shortest time and at the fastest speed, and to use it as a bargaining chip for equal dialogue with the Kuomintang and even for armed seizure of power. The idea of the
Communist Party is easy to understand, and it is difficult for anyone who has experienced a life-and-death struggle with Chiang Kai-shek for more than ten years to trust Chiang Kai-shek.
When the Communists were one step ahead of the Kuomintang in accepting the surrender in northern and eastern China, Chiang Kai-shek made a move. While ordering the Eighth Route Army to “garrison on the spot and wait for orders” and “not to act without authorization,” he ordered the national army to “step up fighting” and the puppet troops “not to be incorporated without the permission of the generalissimo.”.
Although Chiang Kai-shek’s action was not slow, the national army was in a weak geographical position-most of the elite of the national army were in the rear area (such as the southwest), and if they wanted to go to North China to accept the surrender, they had to cross mountains and rivers. Most of the armed forces of the
Communist Party are in the battlefield behind the enemy lines, and the troops are moving out of the enemy-occupied areas. The
first to get the moon, the Communist Party took more and more weapons and territory.
Thousands of miles away, Chiang Kai-shek saw all this in his eyes and was very anxious.
He scratched his head, racked his brains and brainstormed, and finally came up with a bad idea-negotiation.
Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram inviting Mao Zedong to go to Chongqing to discuss the great plan of “building a peaceful nation and organizing a coalition government.”.
If Mao Zedong does not come, it will show that the Communist Party has no sincerity for peace, and then there will be reason to send troops to attack.
If Mao Zedong came, he could not only use the negotiations to suppress the current momentum of the Chinese Communist armed forces to attack cities and territories, but also send the national army to the north during the negotiations, so as to accumulate strength for the war of liberation and advance the layout. What is
rare is that Chiang Kai-shek’s idea of “building a country peacefully and organizing a coalition government” was supported by two big men, Truman and Stalin.
The United States originally wanted to promote its multi-party democracy around the world, and now Chiang Kai-shek’s “coalition government” project is exactly what he wanted.
As for Stalin’s support for the Chinese Communists to join the “coalition government” led by Chiang Kai-shek, it was because he did not want war to break out in China and did not want any unstable factors to affect the signed “Sino-Soviet Alliance Treaty” and the Yalta system jointly established by the United States and the Soviet Union. To
put it simply, Mongolia succeeded in becoming independent, and the Northeast became the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union.
Now that you have got all the benefits you want, don’t bother, stability first, stability overrides everything! October 10, 1945, National Day, Chongqing.
Under the mediation of the United States and the Soviet Union, Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek signed the “Double Tenth Agreement”, declaring a truce between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and building a new country in peace.
The whole country celebrated.
In the eyes of the Chinese people, the establishment of a democratic state and a coalition government are in sight, China will be at peace, and decades of division will come to an end.
By the time the KMT-CPC signed the agreement, the Nationalist Army, with the help of US naval and air transport forces, had already approached the Northeast line.
Nominally, American aid to Chiang Kai-shek was just a continuation of various aid programs, and as a matter of course, Stalin had nothing to pick on. Beginning in late
October, the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union for territory in Europe not only became increasingly fierce, but the Soviet Union was also at a disadvantage.
At the same time, the US Marine Corps landed successively in Tanggu, Qinhuangdao, and Qingdao.
Although the slogan of the US military was to help the national army accept the surrender, the real purpose was probably similar to that of the Soviet Union: to extend their hands into the Northeast. The landing of the American
Navy in northern China was a dangerous signal, and Stalin began to feel uneasy: if the Kuomintang succeeded in taking over the Northeast, given its dependence on American aid, not only would the Soviet Union’s plan to include the Northeast in its sphere of influence be ruined, but the Northeast would also become a springboard for the United States to enter its own territory.
No, this is absolutely impossible. We must take advantage of the fact that the Northeast is still in our hands and hand it over to the Communist Party, the opponent of the Kuomintang, so that we can indirectly put the Northeast under our control.
Therefore, Stalin tore up the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance signed with the National Government and directly ordered the Communist Party of China to move northward quickly. As soon as the Soviet Red Army withdrew from the Northeast, you would enter, and the place would be handed over to you.
To this end, Stalin did three things: First, the National Army was forbidden to enter the Northeast-you could not come until the Soviet Red Army had retreated.
Second, delay the withdrawal of troops — won’t the Chinese Communist troops be able to reach the Northeast for a while?
It doesn’t matter. The withdrawal time of the Soviet Red Army will be postponed. When you arrive, the Soviet Red Army will withdraw.
Third, most of the weapons, ammunition, and military equipment seized from the Japanese army were handed over to the Chinese Communists, while the Soviet Union took away only a small part — the best part. The attitude of the
Soviet Union really followed the domineering style of Czarist Russia. The Soviet Red Army then forcibly searched and blockaded the Kuomintang’s party, government and military organs in the Northeast, and tied the Communist Party of China firmly to the warships.
By this time, the Communist Party of China, which had little faith in Chiang Kai-shek and was ready to seize power by force at any time, had made a final decision to send troops to the Northeast as soon as possible, led by Lin Biao, who had just returned from the Soviet Union and had not fought for seven years.
Lin Biao will compose the most glorious page of his life between the white mountains and black waters.
The present situation is exactly what Chiang Kai-shek likes to see and hear.
He was not sincere about the peace talks, which were just a delaying tactic to accumulate strength. In June
1946, Chiang Kai-shek announced that he would wipe out the Communist Army inside the Shanhaiguan Pass in three months and solve the Northeast problem in six months.
Let’s go! The Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States opened the prelude to the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in Northeast China.
Chiang Kai-shek’s plan was to bring about a preliminary “settlement” of the Communist Party within nine months.
But it has to be said that his plan is not feasible.
Because his real strength is much weaker than he imagined, while the real strength of the Communist Party is much stronger than he imagined. Chiang Kai-shek, who seemed to be
strong, had three fatal weaknesses: First, the Kuomintang often fought among itself, its cohesion was not strong, and its strength was big but not strong.
The lineal clique, the Kwangsi clique, the Yen Hsi-shan clique, the CC clique, the Blue Clothes Society, the Political Science Department, and so on, have been fighting endlessly for power and profit.
The Anti-Japanese War was an excellent opportunity for Chiang Kai-shek to integrate various factions, but he did not seize it.
Later, when he was defeated in Taiwan, he finally got rid of the factional struggle within the Kuomintang and completely controlled the party, the government and the army. The second
weakness is that he has not solved the survival problem of Chinese peasants.
In a country where the productive forces are extremely backward, the peasants account for the absolute majority of the population, and land annexation is serious, land is the only means of production for the peasants. Without land, the peasants will have no way out, and without a way out, the peasants will rebel.
Later, after Chiang Kai-shek was defeated in Taiwan, he realized this truth, so the first thing he did in Taiwan was land reform.
Weakness three, corruption is rampant, which is his biggest weakness.
Corruption, a terrible thing, is naturally not the specialty of the Kuomintang, but a problem that will arise in a society ruled by man. Leadership has the final say in
everything, and the power of leadership can not be effectively supervised and restricted at all, and the power that can not be supervised and restricted is the hotbed of corruption.
At the end of any Dynasty, serious corruption is always the straw that breaks the camel’s back.
Because officials, big and small, are sensible people, knowing that the government will not be able to go on, so they are desperate to get enough capital, so corruption is out of control. There is no need to say more
about the corruption of the officials of the National Government, because from ancient times to the present, the performance of corrupt officials is more stable than chemical properties of diamonds.
Here is a brief talk about the straw that broke the camel’s back.
It is said that on the eve of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, because of the “US dollar bond fraud case,” Finance Minister Kong Xiangxi packed up and left.
Old Kong wanders for a long time in billowy corrupt big river bank, wet finally one time shoe.
As the saying goes, good news never goes out, while bad news travels fast.
Not only did Chiang Kai-shek record the detailed number of Kong Xiangxi’s corruption in his small diary, but even Fu Sinian, a scholar and celebrity outside the circle, knew the general circumstances of his corruption and came forward to expose him.
In 1942, in order to meet the growing demand for military expenditure, the Nationalist Government used US $100 million of the US $500 million loan to China that year as a fund to raise funds by issuing “Alliance Victory US Dollar Bonds” to the whole society. As a result, Kong Xiangxi made more than US $11.5 million. One-ninth of the total amount of the fund just disappeared.
In contrast, Song Ziwen, another expert in finance, has a cleaner ass.
According to Wu Jingping, a scholar, in his work “Fudan-Hoover Modern Chinese Characters and Archives and Documents Research Series”, “Song Ziwen’s Life and Documents Research”, in the 1940s, Song Ziwen’s property was about $2 million. More than
20 years later, when Song Ziwen died in 1971, his non-fixed property was only more than $1 million, plus the property that had greatly appreciated in 20 years, it was only $78 million.
Of course, Song Ziwen does not engage in corruption, which does not mean that his source of wealth is very glorious.
Because a considerable part of his property came from the investment returns of the China Construction Bank Company under his command in the national industry, commerce and financial industry during the Anti-Japanese War, it had the flavor of making money from the national crisis. The
reason for comparing Kong Xiangxi and Song Ziwen here is that after Kong Xiangxi was dismissed, Song Ziwen returned to power and took over the role of the other party as Premier of the Executive yuan and Chairman of the Supreme Economic Council.
Kong Xiangxi left Song Ziwen a financial base of about US $900 million (a considerable part of which came from American loans) and 6 million taels of gold. On the
surface, things look pretty good.
So Song Ziwen is ambitious, and he has the confidence to do a big job.
But he did not realize that there was no golden road in front of him. After the
National Government took over the Japanese puppet regime, the first problem it faced was to unify the financial order? They
sent the legendary imperial envoys, the “receiving officers,” the special commissioners or members of the receiving committee, to the enemy-occupied areas to receive Japanese and puppet property for the national government and recover counterfeit money. There were various ways to
receive the property of the Japanese puppet regime, such as confiscation, auction, discarding and destruction. The way to
recover the counterfeit currency was much simpler-to exchange the legal currency issued by the National Government itself for the counterfeit currency issued by Wang Jingwei according to a certain proportion.
This method is not new, the Japanese and Wang Jingwei have played, the new is the exchange ratio. At that time, the ratio of the military certificates issued by the
Japanese to the French currency was one to one. In those years,
Wang Ching-wei exchanged counterfeit money for military vouchers at a ratio of one to two.
And the Nationalist government is now using a ratio of one to two hundred for the exchange of legal currency for counterfeit currency! That is to say, only two hundred counterfeit coins can be exchanged for one legal tender.
Moreover, this is a one-size-fits-all.
No matter whether the local price index is high or low, the exchange ratio is one to two hundred.
You know, at that time, the average level of the price index in the occupied areas was much higher than that in the rear area. For example, the price index in Shanghai was about 50 times that in Chongqing.
Let’s do a math word problem about robbery. Xiaoming, a senior official sent by
the Nationalist Government, came to the occupied area of Shanghai with one yuan of legal tender, and then Xiaomao, a citizen of Shanghai, exchanged two hundred yuan of counterfeit money for Xiaoming’s one yuan of legal tender.
Question 1: Assuming that the purchasing power of one yuan of legal tender is the same as that of one yuan of counterfeit money, how many times is Xiaoming’s income from this business trip? How many times
has Xiaomao’s property shrunk? What is the gain and loss ratio
of Xiaoming and Xiaomao?
A: About two hundred times, two hundredths times, and forty thousand times.
Question 2: How does Xiao Ming put 200 times of income into his pocket?
Answer: underreport is enough.
Because the Central Committee has no idea how much enemy and puppet property and counterfeit currency there are.
Uncounted property is in the hands of officials who lack supervision, and the despicable side of people will be reflected unscrupulously. If no one cares about
one Xiaoming’s self-enrichment, more Xiaoming will join in and spread rapidly like an infectious disease.
Now the question is, who made this crazy exchange ratio?
According to Zheng Huixin, a scholar of the history of the Republic of China at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, in his book The Decision-making Process of the Exchange Method of the Puppet Reserve Notes after the War, this magical exchange ratio was thought up by the receiving officials.
As for Song Ziwen, who was supposed to control the state’s financial and economic decision-making power, he was very busy during that period and had no intention of asking about it. First,
he was busy negotiating the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, and then he was busy talking to the United States about post-war aid. He did not pay attention to the recovery of counterfeit currency at all, and he had an unshirkable leadership responsibility for this matter.
On the other hand, we do not have to care too much about the specific process of the exchange ratio, just from the ultimate ownership of the interests-the receiving officials, we can know with our heels that this absurd exchange ratio is the result of the joint efforts of corrupt officials of all sizes. The corrupt officials of
the Nationalist government were very satisfied to enrich themselves and become tycoons.
But those “bourgeois elements” in the enemy-occupied areas who were bullied by corrupt officials, who were originally diehard supporters of the Nationalist government, were very dissatisfied: Instead of letting the corrupt rule of the Kuomintang turn us into the proletariat for the Communists, it would be better to take the initiative to go over to the Communists and live under the clean and centralized rule of the Communists. It should not be more terrible than living under the corrupt rule of the Kuomintang and becoming nothing! The enemy-occupied areas have lost a lot of popular support! However, for the Kuomintang, this is not the worst news, the worst news is: a series of economic policies after the beginning of the war of liberation, so that the Kuomintang lost the hearts and minds of the whole of China! After the beginning of the Liberation War, the enemy and puppet industries (equivalent to about 10 trillion yuan) were spent, the loans and military supplies (totaling more than $1 billion) that Song Ziwen had won from the United States were spent, and the cash flow left by Kong Xiangxi was also used up.
Even so, military and administrative expenses remain high, and the fiscal deficit is growing crazily.
No way, the war itself is the most expensive thing in the world, not to mention that there are so many corrupt Kuomintang officials and local warlords working together to increase administrative costs for the country?
！ However, after fourteen years of total resistance, the people were exhausted, and the government could no longer raise funds to raise military and political expenses by issuing bonds.
In this case, in order to fill the financial black hole and raise military expenditure, the national government could only borrow money from the central bank.
As a result, Soong ordered the central bank to print more banknotes and increase the circulation of legal tender. People
with common sense know that the expansion of the legal currency (the increase of circulation) will lead to soaring prices, which in turn accelerates the devaluation of the legal currency, which in turn causes a sharp drop in purchasing power, and the lack of purchasing power is mostly compensated by printing more money.. This is a vicious circle. As a financial expert,
Song Ziwen naturally understands this truth.
In order to stabilize the legal tender and the economic situation, Soong Tzu-wen used his unique skill of selling gold and US dollars, that is, selling gold and US dollars at a price clearly marked, such as selling 160,000 legal tender for one or two gold and 2,000 legal tender for one US dollar, selling gold and US dollars on the market, absorbing private hot money, recovering part of the legal tender, controlling the expansion of legal tender, stabilizing prices and stabilizing the economy.
Under normal circumstances, Song Ziwen’s move is also a good solution.
But Song Ziwen ignored a problem, a fatal problem.
He did not expect that once the central bank’s money printing machine was tied to the chariot of war, it would move forward in the torrent and could not stop at all. At the beginning of
the year, the French currency increased to 3.5 trillion yuan, while Song Ziwen spent half of the national treasury’s gold and US dollar reserves, but only recovered less than 1 trillion yuan.
That is to say, only a small part of the legal currency has been sold.
In the face of the legal currency, which is still increasing rapidly, Song Ziwen’s method has hardly produced any effect.
More importantly, Fuzhong Company and Yangzi Company, controlled by the Song and Kong families, also participated in the selling wave, snapping up gold and US dollars with a total value of about US $4 million.
This gave Soong’s political opponents, such as the CC Department and the Department of Political Science, an excuse for criticism: You, Soong, not only did not do a good job, but also transferred state property into private pockets! What can be tolerated is intolerable! Even Fu Sinian published “such Song Ziwen must go away” and other heroic articles, so that Song Ziwen quickly left! When Song Ziwen was first introduced, he mentioned that his character was very bad and his popularity was very bad, so it was normal for people to add insult to injury.
In any case, Song Ziwen can only choose to resign. After
Song Ziwen left, the war continued, the French currency was still being printed, and the economic situation was deteriorating.
As a result, the new fiscal experts began to think of ways. In
1948, when the circulation of the legal tender had soared 1,200 times compared to the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and the total amount reached 600 trillion, when inflation was already out of control, experts finally came up with a solution: to overthrow the legal tender and start again, that is, to replace the legal tender with the famous “gold yuan.”.
The main methods of operation are as follows: First, the people of the whole country are required to convert all their gold, silver, US dollars, and other foreign currencies and legal currencies into paper money — gold yuan notes, and violators will be confiscated.
The world knows that ordinary paper money is far less reliable than hard currencies such as gold, silver and the US dollar, not to mention the uncertain future of gold yuan notes, who is willing to change?
The second is to freeze prices.
The use of state coercive means to prohibit the raising of prices and the hoarding of goods in order to prevent inflation and the devaluation of gold yuan notes. Which businessman is willing to
force a businessman whose nature is to make money to do business at a loss?
Robbing ordinary people, smashing the rice bowls of businessmen, such an economic policy regardless of human nature, how can it succeed?
！ Sure enough, someone stood up to resist-refused to exchange gold yuan, stopped selling goods, and hoarded a large number of goods.
Under such circumstances, the famous incident of Chiang Ching-kuo’s “fight against the tiger” in modern history was born.
Chiang Ching-kuo came to Shanghai to clean up the disobedient businessmen.
As a result, Chiang Ching-kuo dealt with Tu Yueh-sheng’s son, Tu Wei-ping, but failed to deal with Kong Hsiang-hsi’s son, Kong Ling-kan, because of the protection and obstruction of Soong Mei-ling and Soong Ai-ling. The confidence of the
Chinese people in the gold yuan collapsed.
The legal tender has collapsed, the gold yuan has not been established, and the national economy has collapsed. With the failure of the “gold yuan” reform, the last bit of support from the
common people for the KMT’s cause has gone up in smoke. The only good news
for Chiang Kai-shek was that, under the threat of confiscation by violators, about two million taels of gold were recovered through gold yuan notes, which were later shipped to Taiwan.
In fact, through Chiang Kai-shek’s diary, we found that he was very clear about the corruption of the Kuomintang, but he was afraid that correcting the corruption of senior officials would lead to complex political problems, so he wanted to wait until the whole country was unified to get rid of corruption slowly.
It is said that after Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan in defeat, he once said that the anti-corruption experience was to fight corruption and perish the Party, not to fight corruption and perish the country.
Although Chiang Kai-shek understood a lot of truth after he retreated to Taiwan in defeat, it was an afterthought and did not help to solve the situation at the moment.
At this moment, the Communist Party has completed its preparations for the strategic counter-offensive. The fourteen years of the
War of Resistance Against Japan were the fourteen years of the growth of the Communist Party.
Politically, the “three-thirds system” was applied in the composition of the administrative organs in Yenan, with one-third for Communists, one-third for left-wing progressives, and one-third for middle elements and other elements. To put it simply
, one third are members of the Communist Party and two thirds are non-Party people.
That is to say, to institutionalize the concept of “multi-party joint ruling” advocated by the Communist Party is very noble.
As a result, the people of the whole country were surprised to discover that this group of “Communist bandits,” as the Nationalist government called them, actually advocated democracy, and there was no lack of ideals and beliefs! A large number of patriotic young people and intellectuals originally in the Kuomintang-controlled areas have defected to Yan’an and come to this dilapidated inland town standing on the barren Loess Plateau.
Economically, the government of the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border Region no longer follows the line of “fighting tuhao and distributing the land,” but is relying on itself to open up wasteland.
One of the most famous was Wang Zhen’s 359th Brigade, who was transferred to Nanniwan, laid down their arms, picked up hoes, opened up wasteland and cultivated land, and built Nanniwan into a good Jiangnan in northern Shaanxi.
Military changes are even greater, after receiving the northeast, military forces have increased to 1270000, the momentum is amazing.
At the end of the day, politics, economy and military affairs are the trinity, supporting and guaranteeing each other.
If there are political and economic problems, there will certainly be military problems. In fact, the War of
Liberation was a replica of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and the way the Communist Party dealt with the National Government was exactly the same as the strategy of the National Government against Japan.
At this time, the National Government was like Japan a few years ago, the front line was too long, and the speed of the front line was much faster than Japan, only a few months to take over most of the country. As
for the Communist Party, which concentrated its forces in a corner, the Kuomintang did not concentrate enough superior forces to attack it in a short time.
On the other hand, the Communist Party, which does not aim at occupying land, has the essence of the tactic that “it is better to cut off one finger than to cut off ten fingers.” Its main purpose is to wipe out the enemy’s effective strength, and it constantly consumes the Kuomintang’s effective strength through mobile warfare.
More importantly, the Kuomintang chose the Northeast as the venue for the decisive battle.
The Communists had a superior force in the Northeast and a strategic depth-controlling about 90% of the rural areas, with the support of the Soviet Union, so it was very difficult for the Kuomintang to take the Northeast.
However, the Kuomintang invested a large number of troops in the Northeast to win, so that the defense of North China was empty.
Therefore, once the Northeast can not take it, North China will not be able to hold it.
One step wrong, one step wrong. The order of the confrontation between the main forces of
the Communist Party and the main forces of Chiang Kai-shek’s five trump cards is as follows: The first decisive battle was the Meng Lianggu Campaign in May 1947.
Chen Yi and Su Yu fought against Chang Ling-fu for three days and three nights, and 160,000 men of the East China Field Army surrounded and annihilated 26,000 men of the Reorganized 74th Division. Chang Ling-fu was killed in the line of duty.
The second decisive battle was the Liaoshen Campaign in September 1948.
Lin Biao concentrated absolutely superior forces to besiege Pan Yukun’s New First Army and Liao Yaoxiang’s New Sixth Army, and the New First Army and the New Sixth Army were completely annihilated.
Liao Yaoxiang was captured and Pan Yukun fled to Hong Kong. Where is Sun Liren, the former commander of the
New First Army?
He was removed from the post of army commander a year before the Liaoshen Campaign because of the factional struggle in the army, and replaced by Pan Yukun, the fourth generation of Huangpu. Sun Liren later went to Taiwan.
October, Huaihai Campaign.
Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping besieged the 18th Army of Hu Lian and Huang Wei with superior forces. The 18th Army was completely annihilated, Huang Wei was captured, and Hu Lian escaped.
Later, Hu Lian defeated the PLA in the “Battle of Kinmen.”.
The fourth decisive battle took place in the Huaihai Campaign.
Chen Yi and Su Yu fought against Du Yuming and Qiu Qingquan. The Fifth Army was completely annihilated. Qiu Qingquan committed suicide and Du Yuming was captured.
Five powerful armies, which had been killed by the Japanese, lay forever on the land of Northeast and North China. When
Mao Zedong learned that the Fifth Army had been destroyed and the Huaihai Campaign had been won, he knew that he had won, and his face could not help showing a satisfied smile.
He certainly has reason to be proud.
At that time, the high-spirited young scholar on the edge of the Xiangjiang River, after so many difficulties and obstacles, finally supported millions of troops and held half of the country.
His thoughts must have drifted far, far away at that moment. After the victory of the Huaihai Campaign, the Beiping-Tianjin Campaign came to an end, and Fu Zuoyi, who had long been at odds with his boss Yan Xishan, chose to revolt peacefully. After
that, it is appropriate to pursue the poor aggressors with the remaining courage and cross the Yangtze River with a million-strong army. On October 1,
1949, the People’s Republic of China was founded! Two months later, the 62-year-old Chiang Kai-shek boarded the plane at Fenghuangshan Airport in Chengdu. With tears in his eyes, he waved goodbye to the misty rain in the south of the Yangtze River, leaving a lonely and lonely figure in history.
The four-hour journey was not long. What was long was that for the next twenty-six years, Chiang Kai-shek lived on an isolated island in Taiwan and never returned to the mainland.
Everything has become a passing cloud, infinite rivers and mountains, easy to see when not! Looking back suddenly, it has been seventy years of vicissitudes of life, right and wrong grudges have already gone away with the wind and rain.
In the torrent of history, the two heroes are actually pursuing their respective dreams of home and country. Those who realize their ideals are great, and those who break their dreams of Jinling are also heroes. What the
common people really hope for is that the country will be prosperous and the people will be peaceful, and that they will have ample food and clothing.
The whole history of the Republic of China is full of the blood, tears and groans of the common people.
If under the new historical conditions, the land of China can not see the army and not fight, it is really the good fortune of the nation and the common people! Fortunately, today’s China is no longer the perfunctory and humiliated country of a hundred years ago. The hard work and dedication of all the people and the patience and efforts of several generations have finally brought today’s confidence. The
previous blood debts will make the invaders vomit blood to repay.
But please remember, whether at home or abroad, whether at the end of the world or at the end of the world, China is the only reliable country that can protect the Chinese people.
With the revival of the nation and the strength of the country, this ability will become stronger and stronger.
I am glad to be born at this time and to be able to experience the era of rejuvenation with the great Chinese nation.
. Focus on not getting lost ~
